Insights:

1. Most people can hold around 7 items in their short term memory. This volume of total information can be expanded by incorporating more information into each item (chunking).

Examples:

1. Individual perception about body image.

The human brain... is the most complicated organisation of matter that we know.

Insights:

1. The brain upgrades its 'wiring' throughout adolescence through myelination.
2. The prefrontal cortex, the brain's 'control system', which is involved in processes such as decision making and long term planning, develops through myelination.

Definition:

1. A form of learning where behaviour is modified by consequences (good or bad).

References:

1. Operant conditioning was first studied by American psychologist Edward Thorndike who places cats into puzzle boxes to reach food. He proposed the Law of Effect: behaviour is likely to be repeated when there are pleasant consequences, and not repeated with unpleasant consequences.
2. B.F Skinner went deeper into operant conditioning with the concepts of reinforcement and punishment - positive reinforcement can strengthens a behaviour through rewards, negative reinforcement can strengthen a behaviour that removes negative stimulus.